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1.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol ; 52(4): 288-295, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38373488

RESUMO

In France, 272 maternal deaths occurred during the period 2016-2018, of which 131 were initially treated by healthcare professionals not specialized in obstetric. Fifty-six files were excluded because they did not concern emergency services or because there was insufficient data to allow analysis. Seventy-five cases of maternal deaths initially treated by emergency services (in-hospital emergency department [ED] or emergency medical ambulance [SAMU]) were analyzed. Fifty-six cases were treated by the SAMU and 22 by an ED (both in 3 cases). The causes of death were 20 cardiovascular events, 18 pulmonary embolisms, 9 neurological failures and 8 hemorrhagic shocks. The event occurred during pregnancy in 48 cases (64%) and during per or postpartum period in 27 cases (36%). The motivations for consultation at the ED were mainly pain (n=9), respiratory distress (n=6) or faintness (n=3). The reasons for calling emergency dispatching service (SAMU) were cardiorespiratory arrest in 32 cases (57%) and neurological failure (coma or status epilepticus) in 6 cases (11%). Among the 56 patients treated outside the hospital, 17 died on scene and 39 were transported to a resuscitation room (n=13), a specialized department (n=13), an obstetrics department (n=8) and less often in the ED (n=2). This was considered appropriate in 35 out of 39 cases (90%). Concerning the 75 files analyzed (ED and SAMU), death was considered unavoidable in 37 cases (49%) and potentially avoidable in 29 cases (38%) (maybe=23, probably=6). Avoidability could not be established in 9 cases. Among the 29 potentially avoidable deaths (38%), one of the criteria of avoidability concerned emergency services in 14 cases (ED=9, SAMU/SMUR=5, 18% of the files studied). ED's cares were considered optimal in 11 cases (50%) and non-optimal in 11 cases (50%). SAMU's cares were considered optimal in 45 cases (80%).


Assuntos
Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Morte Materna , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Morte Materna/etiologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitais , França/epidemiologia
2.
Soins Gerontol ; 29(166): 42-45, 2024.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38418071

RESUMO

Professional support for elderly people suffering from cognitive impairment needs to be comprehensive, and requires the active involvement of a wide range of professionals. Two clinical cases show how the combined support of a therapeutic day-care center and medical specialists can improve the quality of life of patients and their families, by helping to refine diagnoses or adjust treatment.


Assuntos
Geriatria , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Humanos , Diagnóstico
3.
Rev. afr. méd. santé publque (En ligne) ; 7(1): 21-38, 2024. figures, tables
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1551122

RESUMO

Introduction :Au Sénégal, le profil épidémiologique en termes de diabète n'est pas clairement établi chez les patients reçus dans les services d'accueil des urgences (SAUs). L'objectif était de déterminer les facteurs associés à la survenue du diabète chez les patients admis dans les SAUs de deux hôpitaux de Dakar.Méthodes : L'étude était transversale et analytique. La collecte des données a eu lieu du 25 janvier au 05 mars 2018. La taille de l'échantillon était de 615 patients. L'entretien en face en face était réalisé. Les facteurs de risque étaient identifiés à l'aide d'une régression logistique. Les résultats étaient exprimés à l' aide de l'odds ratio ajusté (ORa) et entouré de son intervalle de confiance à 95% (IC95%) Résultats : Les patients étaient des hommes, âgés de moins de 40 ans, mariés et sans emploi dans respectivement 52,4%, 44,5%, 64,5% et 53,3% des cas. En outre, la consommation des fruits et légumes et la pratique du sport étaient insuffisantes chez respectivement 96,4% et 72% des patients. Par ailleurs, 16,9% des sujets interrogés étaient diabétiques. Les facteurs de risque de la survenue de la maladie étaient l'âge avancé, le statut sans emploi et l'obésité: patients âgés entre 40 et 69 ans (ORa=21,184; IC95%=[6,11-73,41]), patients âgés d'au moins 70 ans (ORa=12,62; IC95%=[3,29-48,28]), patients sans travail (ORa=3,47; IC95%=[1,69-7,10]) et patients obèses (ORa=3,17; IC95%=[1,35-7,45]).Conclusion : La fréquence du diabète est élevée chez les patients admis en consultation dans les SAUs des hôpitaux de Dakar. Cette étude montre que recherche du diabète chez cette catégorie de patients devrait être une pratique courante et qu'il urge de mettre en place des actions de promotion de la santé.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino
4.
Soins ; 68(881): 34-36, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38070980

RESUMO

As a complex pathology, anorexia nervosa interacts with the psychological challenges of pregnancy, and raises questions about how to support the women concerned. As part of a multidisciplinary approach, support groups are particularly important, offering both individual and social support. Child-parent drop-in centers can also provide a supportive space for the psychological work of parenting.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Grupos de Autoajuda
5.
Soins Psychiatr ; 44(346): 27-30, 2023.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37328227

RESUMO

Since September 2021, at the Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences University Hospital Group, an advanced practice nurse has been providing post-emergency consultations for people who were initially seen in the emergency department, for whom an indication for outpatient care was given and who had problems accessing care. Collaboration with the nursing team is an important element not to be neglected in the implementation of this new profession.


Assuntos
Prática Avançada de Enfermagem , Emergências , Humanos , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Paris , Equipe de Enfermagem
6.
Cuestiones infanc ; 24(1): 14-31, May 24, 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1442547

RESUMO

¿Cómo nos puede ayudar el método de la interpretación de los sueños a entender los elementos arcaicos presentes en el juego del niño de 0 a 4 años, en un dispositivo clínico inspirado en la Maison Verte creada por Françoise Dolto? En este artículo describiremos las similitudes entre el sueño y el juego del niño, particularmente con respecto al trabajo del sueño. Propondremos que los mismos mecanismos del sueño están presentes en el juego del niño como parte de un contenido manifiesto. Enseguida propondremos que es posible interpretar el contenido latente del juego trasponiendo el método de la interpretación de los sueños gracias a la información aportada por los padres que acompañen al niño. Para explicar esta técnica, examinaremos el ejemplo de juego de unos niños, tomado de un Lugar de Acogida de Niños y Padres que se adhiere a los principios de la Maison Verte AU


Comment la méthode d'interprétation des rêves peut-elle nous aider à comprendre les éléments archaïques présents dans le jeu des enfants de 0 à 4 ans, dans un dispositif clinique inspiré de la Maison Verte créée par Françoise Dolto? Dans cet article, nousdécrirons les similitudes entre le rêve et le jeu de l'enfant, notamment en ce qui concerne le travail du rêve. Nous proposerons que les mêmes mécanismes oniriques sont présents dans le jeu de l'enfant dans le cadre d'un contenu manifeste. Ensuite, nous proposerons qu'il est possible d'interpréter le contenu latent de ce jeu en transposant la méthode d'interprétation des rêves grâce aux informations fournies par les parents accompagnan l'enfant. Pour expliquercette technique, nous examinerons un exemple de jeu d'enfants, tiré d'un Lieu d'Accueil pour Enfants et Parents qui adhère aux principes de la Maison Verte AU


How can the dream interpretation method help us to understand the archaic elements present in the play of children from 0 to 4 years old, in a clinical device inspired by the Maison Verte project created by Françoise Dolto? In this article we will describethe similarities between the child's dream and play, particularly regarding to dream-work. We will propose that the same dream mechanisms are present in the child's play as part of a manifest content. Then we will propose that it is possible to interpret the latent content of this play by transposing the dream interpretation method thanks to the information provided by the parents. To explain this technique, we will examine an example of children's play, taken from a Dolto's Maison Verte Project AU


Como o método da interpretação dos sonhos pode nos ajudar a compreender os elementos arcaicos presentes nas brincadeiras das crianças de 0 a 4 anos, em um dispositivo clínico inspirado na Maison Verte criada por Françoise Dolto? Neste artigo, descreveremos as semelhanças entre o sonho e a brincadeira da criança, principalmente no que diz respeito ao trabalho onírico. Proporemos que os mesmos mecanismos oníricos estão presentes na brincadeira da criança como parte de um conteúdo manifesto. Imediatamente propomos que é possível interpretar o conteúdo latente desta brincadeira transpondo o método de interpretação dos sonhos graças às informações fornecidas pelos pais. Para explicar est técnica examinaremos um exemplo de brincadeira infantil, retirado de um Local de Acolhimento para Crianças e Pais que segue os princípios da Maison Verte AU


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Jogos e Brinquedos/psicologia , Terapia Psicanalítica , Sonhos/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Ludoterapia , Cuidados Intermitentes/métodos
7.
Soins Gerontol ; 28(159): 42-45, 2023.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36717177

RESUMO

After a review of inappropriate admissions of residents of residential care facilities for the dependent elderly (Ehpad) to the emergency room, we propose ways to reduce them. They include giving the coordinating physician a clinical role, organizing continuity and permanence of care in all Ehpad, signing agreements between Ehpad and hospital for direct hospitalization and collaboration with mobile teams and geriatric hotlines, generalizing the level of medical intervention in Ehpad, and deepening the training of Ehpad caregivers in geriatrics.


Assuntos
Geriatria , Casas de Saúde , Humanos , Idoso , Hospitalização , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Cuidadores
8.
Rev Infirm ; 71(283): 35-38, 2022.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36427940

RESUMO

Accompanying child and adolescent victims of incest towards reconstruction requires professionals trained in the specificities of this intra-family sexual violence. The Jean-Bru shelter, which takes in young girl victims, has developed the expertise of a complementary multi-partner approach and offers socio-educational, medical-psychological and legal support, for the benefit of a personalized global project that also includes the family link.


Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Delitos Sexuais , Criança , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Incesto/psicologia , Família
9.
Infant Ment Health J ; 43(5): 797-807, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35901191

RESUMO

Women previously in out-of-home care (i.e., foster care) experience poorer health and psychosocial outcomes compared to peers, including higher pregnancy rates and child protective services involvement. Home visiting programs could mitigate risks. Studies examining home visiting enrollment for women with a history of out-of-home care are needed. Women previously in out-of-home care based on child welfare administrative data between 2012 and 2017 (n = 1375) were compared to a demographically matched sample (n = 1375) never in out-of-home care. Vital records data identified live births in the two groups. For those who had given live birth (n = 372), linked administrative data were used to determine and compare rates of referral and enrollment into home visiting, and two indicators of engagement: number of days enrolled, and number of visits received. Women previously in out-of-home care were referred for home visiting more often than their peers. There were no differences in rates of enrollment. Women previously in out-of-home care remained enrolled for shorter durations and completed fewer home visits than peers. Findings suggest barriers to home visiting enrollment and retention in home visiting programs for women previously in out-of-home care. Studies with larger samples and more complete assessments of outcomes are warranted.


Introducción: Las mujeres que previamente han estado bajo cuidado fuera de cada (v.g. hogares de cuidado adoptivo temporal) experimentan una más débil salud y resultados sicosociales en comparación con las compañeras, incluyendo tasas más altas de embarazos y participación en servicios de protección a la niñez. Los programas de visitas a casa pudieran mitigar los riesgos. Se necesitan estudios que examinen la entrada en programas de visitas a casa de mujeres con un historial de cuidado fuera de casa. Métodos: Se comparó la información administrativa entre 2012 y 2017 de mujeres (n = 1375) que previamente estuvieron en cuidados fuera de casa basados en la beneficencia infantil con un grupo muestra demográficamente emparejado (n = 1375) que nunca habían estado bajo cuidado fuera de casa. Los datos vitales registrados identificaron nacimientos vivos en los dos grupos. Para quienes habían tenido un parto y nacimiento vivo (n = 372), se usó la información administrativa conectada para determinar y comparar las tasas de referencia y entrada en programas de visitas a casa, y dos indicadores de participación: el número de días en que estuvieron matriculadas y el número de visitas recibidas. Resultados: A las mujeres previamente bajo cuidado fuera de casa se les refirió a los programas de visita a casa más a menudo que a sus compañeras. No se dieron diferencias en las tasas de matrícula. Las mujeres previamente bajo cuidado fuera de casa permanecieron matriculadas por duraciones más cortas y completaron menos visitas a casa que sus compañeras. Conclusiones: Los resultados identifican barreras a la matrícula y retención en programas de visitas a casa para mujeres previamente bajo cuidado fuera de casa. Se justifican los estudios con grupos muestras más grandes y evaluaciones más completas de los resultados.


Les femmes ayant été placées en famille ou foyer d'accueil font l'expérience d'une plus mauvaise santé et de résultats psychologiques moins bons que les autres femmes, y compris des taux de grossesse plus élevés et l'intervention de services de protection de l'enfance. Les programmes de visite à domicile peuvent mitiger les risques. Les études examinant l'inscription aux visites à domicile pour les femmes ayant un passé de placement en famille ou en foyer sont nécessaires. Méthodes: des femmes ayant vécu un placement en famille ou en foyer selon les données administratives de la protection de l'enfance entre 2012 et 2017 (n = 1375) ont été comparées à un échantillon assorti démographiquement (n = 1375) de femmes n'ayant jamais été placées en famille ou foyer d'accueil. Nous avons identifié des naissances vivantes chez les deux groupes. Pour celles ayant donné naissance (naissance vivante) (n = 372) les données administratives liées ont été utilisées afin de déterminer et de comparer les taux d'orientation et d'inscription aux visites à domicile, et deux indicateurs d'engagement: le nombre de jours inscrites et le nombre de visites reçues. Résultats: les femmes ayant été placées dans des familles ou des foyers d'accueil étaient dirigées vers les visites à domicile plus souvent que leurs pairs. Il n'y avait aucune différence dans les taux d'inscription. Les femmes ayant été en familles ou foyers d'accueil sont restées inscrites pendant des durées plus courtes et ont eu moins de visites à domiciles que leurs pairs. Conclusions: les résultats suggèrent qu'il existe des barrières à l'inscription aux visites à domicile et à la rétention dans les programmes de visites à domicile pour les femmes ayant été placées en famille ou en foyer. Des études avec des échantillons plus grands et des évaluations plus compètes sont justifiées.


Assuntos
Serviços de Assistência Domiciliar , Visita Domiciliar , Criança , Proteção da Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Mães , Cuidado Pós-Natal , Gravidez
10.
Rev Infirm ; 71(280): 49-50, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35550102

RESUMO

Tutoring nursing students in the field requires a strong involvement from the staff, tutors and supervisors. Tutoring is a real educational follow-up by peers, in collaboration with the training managers, and is also a sharing of experience with the students. Story of nurses highly committed to this function in an orthopaedic surgery department.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Enfermagem , Humanos , Grupo Associado
11.
Ann Pharm Fr ; 80(3): 239-247, 2022 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34331936

RESUMO

In Europe, the prevalence of food allergy is estimated at 6-8% of children. Ten to 20% of pediatric food-induced anaphylaxis reactions occur at school. Individual healthcare plans (IHP) for food allergy aim at: identifying children at risk of allergic reactions; reducing the risk of allergen exposure; providing emergency kits containing adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) if needed with emergency action plans and instructions about when and how to use AAI. In France, IHP were introduced into law in 2003 and was updated in 2021. The number of IHP for allergy is increasing since 10 years (50,000 IHP for allergy/year). While the recommendations of the learned societies have resulted in the national harmonization of criteria for the implementation of IHP for allergy and for the prescription of emergency kits with AAI, adrenaline remains underused. In 2019, a national policy stated that all high schools must have a provision of spare AAI in case of anaphylaxis and the promotion of school staff training about food allergy and anaphylaxis was encouraged. These recommendations should be assessed widely and allergy training should be widespread. Pharmacists play an important role to take care of food-allergic children: provision of AAI prescribed for the most at-risk food allergic patients, advice and information on AAI. The pharmacist is therefore a key player in the therapeutic education of the patient to reinforce the key messages on the efficacy and safety of adrenaline used for anaphylaxis.


Assuntos
Anafilaxia , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar , Anafilaxia/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Atenção à Saúde , Epinefrina/uso terapêutico , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas
12.
Soins Psychiatr ; 42(337): 20-26, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34895690

RESUMO

The Hauts-de-France psychiatry unit has oriented its organisation to facilitate access to care. While the aim is to improve the time taken for patients to be seen, it corresponds to a need on the part of users that has been growing over the years. The key is an early clinical assessment of care situations, followed by an appropriate response for the patient in terms of referral and follow-up. Improving access to care is therefore directly linked to human resources and the resulting organisation. Medical on-call duty, nursing and psychological duty and the importance of the secretariat are all tools that need to be optimised.


Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , França , Humanos , Encaminhamento e Consulta
13.
Soins Psychiatr ; 42(336): 16-18, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34763759

RESUMO

Many emergency patients have pre-existing psychiatric conditions. They may also present a symptomatology likely to evoke this type of psychiatric pathology. The way in which these patients are received and managed is of prime importance, as it determines the subsequent treatment. It is therefore essential that the emergency services organise a specific pathway for these patients.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Transtornos Mentais , Humanos
14.
Soins Gerontol ; 26(151): 10-13, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34462105

RESUMO

The emergency department remains the main method of admission for older people to hospital. The management of old elderly in these departments is a complex subject. It's particularities and the specificities of the evaluation of their health contribute to the difficulties of the care teams. For the elderly, a visit to the emergency room is a significant medical event in the care process that can have repercussions on their functional decline. The promotion of a geriatric culture in emergency departments is essential and can be done in different ways, but collaboration between emergency physicians and geriatricians remains essential for successful care adapted to the specific characteristics of elderly patients.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitalização , Idoso , Humanos
15.
Soins Gerontol ; 26(151): 14-18, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34462106

RESUMO

The links between the emergency department (ED) and drug-related harm are close. In practice, it is necessary to ask systematically if an iatrogenic accident is possible and to evaluate a new prescription carefully so as not to create iatrogenia during the visit to the emergency department. Any situation in which a nurse takes charge of an emergency room must be subject to precautions. Simple measures should be put in place during any hospitalisation of an elderly person.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitalização , Idoso , Humanos , Doença Iatrogênica/epidemiologia
16.
Soins Gerontol ; 26(151): 24-27, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34462108

RESUMO

Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in the elderly does not differ fundamentally from that seen in the young patient. Appropriate pathways must be established, with regular nursing follow-up, to enable rapid detection and treatment of episodes of acute heart failure. The paramedical team plays an essential role in liaising with families, providing nursing care and listening to the patient at the bedside.


Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Edema Pulmonar , Idoso , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Humanos , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Edema Pulmonar/etiologia , Edema Pulmonar/terapia
17.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 24(2): 259-280, jun. 2021.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS, Index Psicologia - Periódicos | ID: biblio-1289797

RESUMO

Este artigo aborda o acolhimento em saúde mental a pessoas que estão no processo transexualizador a partir de pesquisa qualitativa e faz uso do método da autoetnografia relacional. Discutimos, a partir das narrativas dos participantes, o processo de chegada ao acolhimento, a complexa transformação do corpo e da identidade de gênero e a função do acolhimento nesse percurso. Destacamos a prática narrativa e o compartilhamento de histórias pessoais como modo de produzir sentidos novos para a experiência singular de transição de gênero, aproveitando as diferenças como uma maneira de buscar uma abertura do olhar e a possibilidade de coexistência de múltiplas perspectivas. Por fim, salientamos a abordagem psicossocial como estratégia fundamental para a construção de um cuidado compartilhado, integral, horizontal, que favoreça a autonomia dos usuários e atenda suas necessidades.


This article addresses the reception in mental health of people undergoing transsexualization; it is based on a qualitative research that was conducted by using the relational autoethnography method. The narratives of the participants are analyzed to discuss the process of arriving at the reception, the complex physical transformation of both body and gender identity, and the function of the reception in that process. We highlight the narrative practice and the sharing of personal stories as a way of producing new meanings for the unique experience of gender transition, taking advantage of differences as a way of seeking a broader vision and the possibility of coexistence of multiple perspectives. To conclude, we emphasize the psychosocial approach as a fundamental strategy for building shared, comprehensive, horizontal care that favors users' autonomy and meets their needs.


Cet article analyse l'accueil en santé mentale de personnes en processus de transsexualisation ayant pour base une recherche qualitative et en utilisant la méthode de l'auto-ethnographie relationnelle. À partir des récits des sujets, nous discutons le processus d'arrivée à la réception, la transformation complexe du corps et de l'identité de genre, ainsi que la fonction de la réception pendant ce processus. Nous soulignons la pratique narrative et le partage d'histoires personnelles comme moyen de produire de nouvelles significations pour l'expérience unique de la transition entre les sexes, en tirant parti des différences comme moyen de chercher une vision plus ample et la possibilité de coexistence de perspectives multiples. Enfin, nous soulignons l'approche psychosociale comme stratégie fondamentale pour la construction de soins partagés, complets et horizontaux qui favorisent l'autonomie des usagers et satisfont leurs besoins.


Este artículo aborda el acogimiento en salud mental de personas que se encuentran en el proceso de transexualización a través de una investigación cualitativa y hace uso del método de autoetnografía relacional. Discutimos, a partir de las narrativas de los participantes, el proceso de llegada al servicio de acogimiento, la compleja transformación del cuerpo y de la identidad de género, y la función del acogimiento en esta jornada. Destacamos la práctica narrativa y el intercambio de historias personales como una forma de producir nuevos significados para la experiencia única de la transición de género, aprovechando las diferencias para buscar una visión más amplia y la posibilidad de coexistencia de múltiples perspectivas. Finalmente, destacamos el enfoque psicosocial como estrategia fundamental para construir una atención compartida, integral, horizontal, que favorezca la autonomía de los usuarios y que satisfaga sus necesidades.

18.
Soins Psychiatr ; 42(333): 23-25, 2021.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33894925

RESUMO

The part-time therapeutic reception center (CATTP) presented in this article has modified its organization in order to retain the adolescents who attend it. Clinical work on indications and the implementation of a reception protocol mobilized the team in view of admissions. The CATTP, in its current functioning, brings together the adolescent and his family, in search of a double consent.


Assuntos
Hospitalização , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Adolescente , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido
20.
Infant Ment Health J ; 42(2): 279-291, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33340137

RESUMO

The present pilot study focuses on the adaptive processes of babies who are placed during their first months of life. It used an ethological approach to explore the behavioural adjustment of 19 infants from their arrival in placement through their first 6 weeks in Residential Care (RC; France), a Foster Family (FF; Québec) or an Infant-Mother Centre (IMC; Québec). Direct observations were conducted once a week during feeding sessions. Observed behaviours were as follows: sleep-wake state, self-soothing, burp, visual exploration, motor activity, facial and vocal expressions. Then, a Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to examine differences in babies' adaption as a function of placement setting. Results showed that, in RC, the duration of the post-feeding phase is the shortest. Moreover, these institutionalized babies showed the most modes of self-protection and the fewest vocalizations. By contrast, babies placed in the IMC spent the least time in withdrawal, expressed motor activity more regularly and were never placed back in their recliner before burping. Larger differences appear comparing placement in RC and that in the IMC, the placement in FF showing intermediate results.


El presente estudio piloto se enfoca en los procesos adaptivos de los bebés que son colocados durante sus primeros meses de vida. El estudio utilizó un acercamiento etológico para explorar la adaptación de comportamiento de diecinueve infantes a partir de su llegada al lugar donde se les colocó y a lo largo de sus primeras seis semanas en cuidado residencial (Francia) o dentro de una familia que les dio acogida (Quebec), o en un centro de infante-madre (Quebec). Se llevaron a cabo observaciones directas una vez por semana durante las sesiones de alimentación. Los comportamientos observados fueron: el estado de dormir-despertar, el auto-calmarse, el eructo, la exploración visual, la actividad motora, las expresiones faciales y vocales. Luego, un examen Kruskal-Wallis se llevó a cabo para examinar las diferencias en la adaptación de los bebés como una función del escenario de colocación. Los resultados mostraron que, en el cuidado residencial, la duración de la fase posterior a la alimentación es la más corta. Es más, estos bebés colocados en instituciones mostraron más maneras de auto-protección y memos vocalizaciones. En contraste, los bebés colocados en el centro de infante-madre pasaron el menor tiempo en retracción, expresaron actividad motora más regularmente y nunca se les puso de vuelta en el sillón reclinable antes de los eructos. Diferencias mayores aparecen, comparando el lugar de colocación en cuidado residencial y en el centro de infante-madre, mientras que la colocación en familias que les acogen mostró resultados intermedios.


Cette étude pilote porte sur les processus d'adaptation des bébés qui sont placés en famille durant les premiers mois de leur vie. Nous avons utilisé une approche éthologique afin d'explorer l'ajustement comportemental de dix-neuf nourrissons depuis leur arrivée en placement et au fil de leurs six premières semaines en soin résidentiel (en France) et en famille d'accueil (au Québec) ou dans un centre nourrisson-mère (au Québec). Des observations directes ont été faites une fois par semaine durant les séances d'allaitement. Les comportements observés étaient: l'état de sommeil-éveil, l'auto-apaisement, le rot, l'exploration visuelle, l'activité motrice, les expressions faciales et vocales. Ensuite un test Kruskal-Wallis a été fait afin d'examiner les différences dans l'adaptation des bébés comme une fonction du contexte de placement. Les résultats ont montré qu'en soin résidentiel la durée de la phase d'après allaitement est la plus courte. De plus ces bébés placés en institution ont fait preuve du plus de modes d'auto-protection et de moins de vocalisations. En contraste, les bébés placés en centre nourrisson-mère ont passé le moins de temps en sevrage, ont exprimé une activité motrice plus régulièrement et n'ont jamais été remis dans leur siège inclinable avant le rot. On constate des différences plus importantes en comparant ces données entre le placement résidentiel et celui en centre nourrisson-mère, le placement en famille d'accueil montrant des résultats immédiats.


Assuntos
Cuidados no Lar de Adoção , França , Humanos , Lactente , Projetos Piloto
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